Police Authority and Accountability in Australia

Presentation Police officials in Australia, just as around the world, have been reliably blamed for mishandling their position throughout the years. Cops are known to secure and serve and to be the law masters of the land, however because of the truth that some people are worried about smugness and disorder, police authority can intermittently be confused as injurious and aggressive.The forces of the police are reliably being examined by the media, the network and even lawmakers, also that police are, and in Australia as well as around the world, considered as one of the most responsible in the public eye (Robertson, 1998). So as to basically resolve these issues, the focal point of the examination ought to be identified with cops and explicit issues, for example, utilization of power, police circumspection, assignment of power and the endeavors that were made to control officials behaviours’ in Australia.WHAT IS POLICE AUTHORITY? Initially, authority can be characterized as f or the most part and fundamentally, Persons having force or powers that others won't normally be permitted to have. Carrying this definition toward connecting it to police authority, this is the place the cop has lawful intensity of authorizing laws, and consistently ought to be given the regard, since they are the guardians of society, our â€Å"guardian angels† who will look out for us twenty four seven.For model, we are to regard our folks; they care for us and accommodate us our essential needs, I accept that cops are to some degree the equivalent since they give us the residents security and when there is a difficult we can rush to them at ordinarily. In spite of the fact that police authority possibly something to be thankful for, there are additionally the pit falls with it, in that, there is the maltreatment of police authority.Some officials due to â€Å"bad apples† meaning a few officials are messy cops, on account of insatiability and childishness, likewise a few officials accept that they are exempt from the rules that everyone else follows, in light of the fact that they implement the law, yet I have faith in the â€Å"eye for an eye† hypothesis: on the off chance that you do the wrongdoing, you ought to do the time; nobody is exempt from the rules that everyone else follows. WHAT IS POLICE ACCOUNTABLILITY? Right off the bat responsibility is It is a central guideline of a popularity based society that the police ought to be considered answerable for their activities. Responsibility incorporates both what the police do and how they perform.What an official does or how they do what they do is incredibly basic in the realm of policing. The whole idea of police responsibility rotates around these two rules, which as indicated by how effective they are executed, may represent the deciding moment an officer’s policing profession. Organization level responsibility includes the exhibition of law authorization offices regarding controlling wrongdoing and clutter and offering types of assistance to people in general (National Institute of Justice, 1999). Singular level responsibility includes the lead of cops concerning legal, conscious, and equivalent treatment of residents. walker, 2007). I sincerely accepts that police responsibility ought to be exceptionally imperative inside policing. Officials ought to be considered responsible for their activities like some other person. POLICE AUTHORITY IN AUSTRALIA In Australia the position and powers of the police administrations are unmistakably characterized and comprehended by officials, these forces are being tried by the courts and even the police themselves, the police know the restriction of their power and powers, yet at times government officials, legitimate callings and even the network are hesitant to significantly adjust those powers.Hence the motivation behind why officials may need to utilize power, law requirement officials are approved to utilize power in explicit conditions, officials in Australia are prepared as some other cop around the world, however the matter of the issue is how much power to utilize, this is alluded to as police circumspection. Authority and misuse should be separated, in light of the fact that they are not in any way expected to be equivalent to something very similar. By and large, the manner by which the police may keep up social request effectively is for the most part in arrangement with the utilization of power practiced by the police officers.Many individuals, residents of Australia and even the world, here the term utilization of power being utilized reliably, regardless of whether it might be by means of the media or straightforwardly from a cop, yet what does the term truly mean? Utilization of power is essentially and fundamentally the measure of power that is expected of a cop to guarantee that a reluctant wrongdoer agrees to the law authority (National Institue of Justice, 2012). Where it is pointless to utilize beast power, a cop should shun so doing. An official can utilize power in ifferent ways, either verbally or genuinely; likewise it might be less deadly or deadly (National Institue of Justice, 2012). Indeed, even as it remains that the cop in Australia has the option to utilize power where important, how at that point do we decide when he should utilize which strategy for power, and how to manage a wrongdoer all in all? Police carefulness is utilized frequently with regards to a greater amount of the minor offenses, for example, liquor use and pee, yet one significant experience in Australia in which police prudence should be utilized is corresponding to individuals experiencing mental illness.Police circumspection however, can be affected by either close to home connections, or race or status, which should not to be along these lines, yet sensibly is it. There was one situation in which a cop experienced a bistro owner who had a petty criminal offense. The official in this situation, chose not to give the driver a traffic offense notice because of the relationship that had created from before.Although numerous different officials concurred with the officer’s choice to practice appreciation toward the violator, this is certifiably not an inviting and promising possibility for the eventual fate of law requirement all in all. Police caution can be changed and influenced by numerous different variables encompassing a guilty party in the public eye. A reluctant and wild suspect has a higher danger of being captured than one who helps out the official. Additionally, the police records of a guilty party may likewise impact the choice of the police.Even with connection to adolescent, police caution can be modified however not by the adolescent themselves. The guardians or Guardians of the adolescent may say something vigorously on the choice and attentiveness of the cop. For the situation where the parent or watchman might be uninvolve d or uncooperative, the officials might be directed to adopt an alternate strategy to the treatment of this circumstance (Holmgren, 2012). POLICE ACCOUNTABILITY IN AUSTRALIA The substance of the issue remains, and one which bodes well, is that whatever a cop does, he/she have to represent it.Police in Australia, in any case, have been given a feeling of caution and opportunity to satisfy their jobs in the public eye without a lot of intercessions of any legal or incomparable authority (Lewis, 2012). Police are not to be viewed as autonomous and absolutely ready to do as they will by citizenry, which isn't at all the case. Police as a rule need to counsel the legal authorities in the commission of enquiry relating to responsibility for their activities or claims, yet what incited this move by the Government?Police in Australia before; have been charged for a wide range of things, for example, police defilement, wastefulness and fierceness. These falls of the cops are not ignored by t he legal executive, and despite the fact that police are the defenders of society, they are truly at risk to discipline and authorizes for their wrong in the event that it isn't appropriately represented (Lewis, 2012). Police responsibility has over years become seen as to a greater extent a tricky issue than that of an empowering one.One of the major progressing aggravations in Australia’s society is where common suit is continually disregarded as a structure as responsibility (Ransley, 2007)what precisely is considerate case? All things considered, common prosecution is the place somebody is blamed for fouling up, yet not really a wrongdoing, and it is officially submitted to a court (Honeyman, 1999-2010) truth be told and apparent to the present reality, there have been numerous cases in Australia, in which people have been engaged with questions with cops for fouling up truly, however not crimes.The reality that the reason for common case is to settle and achieve some typ e of remuneration for being improperly charged or managed, makes common suit a basic angle that should more than likely be joined in the field of Police responsibility for the most part since it is a type of adjustment, simply that it is from the regular citizen point of view (Ransley, 2007).If indeed, the expectation of the later police change is coordinated toward the fortifying and somewhat redesigning of the individual and hierarchical responsibility, at that point that makes common case a central, viable and furthermore it ought to be, a compulsory segment in the compelling finishing of this objective. Endeavors to control the conduct of cops are influenced by common case, yet in addition by the measures in which cops are managed for misconduct.Without the accentuation on the blunders of cops, the police power may adjust to the conditions which could prompt the maltreatment of their forces and authority. The absence of steady rectification of officials regularly may prompt the lessening of trust in the network in the police administration (Perez, 2008). Universally, this have become the apparent situation in the current society, as the trust and organization between Police officials and networks is quickly turning into a relic of days gone by, and this have been ighly affected by the absence of genuine obligation and techniques by police authorities. Officials have showdowns of a sort among their own associations in light of the revisions that they may confront having the issue to contend that to adjust the mercy of offense and the cruelty of cr

Policy Problem in Public Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Arrangement Problem in Public Policy - Essay Example The genuine character of an arrangement issue might be uncovered in approach assessment †in this way the two are correlative to each other’s presence. In this unique circumstance, we will additionally talk about the idea of a strategy issue with a model. To the extent the pay arrangement in the US goes, there has been an expanding pattern towards imbalance in ongoing decades. In such manner, there have been huge changes in U.S. charge administers after some time. These progressions have proceeded to have an impressive effect to what is accounted for as salary on singular expense forms. With these assessment changes urging a huge number of organizations to change from documenting under the corporate expense framework to recording under the individual duty framework, different investigations of disparity that are established on government form information perpetually wind up barring move installments, which brings about misrepresenting the portions of salary got by those at the top by disregarding developing measures of pay at the base. This might be characterized as the fundamental approach issue in the US salary strategy. With a reliable fall in the top expense rates on wages or capital additions, there has been an expansion in the announced salaries, where a bigger level of the livelihoods of those at the top will in general element in the assessment forms.

Stock Market Cycles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Securities exchange Cycles - Essay Example Despite the fact that the political world influences the securities exchange in the transient the market recoups rapidly. What drives the financial exchange the most are loan costs, swelling, and corporate benefits. Loan fees are set by the Federal Reserve. Government approach is set through the raising or bringing down of financing costs. Loan fees help direct the interest for merchandise and ventures. This thus influences corporate benefits and expansion. Loan costs set by business and industry are set by what individuals accept the Federal Reserve will set long haul financing costs at. This estimating of loan costs is driven by what the Federal Reserve is anticipated to do later on. High financing costs change acquiring costs. This has the impact of changing the accessibility of bank credits and family unit riches. Finally, loan fees influence remote trade rates (Federal Reserve San Francisco). Corporate benefits drive the securities exchange either up or down contingent on whether organizations have an increase or a misfortune. Huge corporate benefits give partnerships more to spend or reinvest in the company. The additions are given to financial specialists through increment in estimation of the organization's stocks and bigger profits. Most profits are reinvested into the company in this manner expanding development capability of the enterprise. Corporate misfortunes have the contrary effect. Misfortunes are given to corporate investors as diminished stock worth and lower profit installments. What likewise drives stock costs is corporate revealing. An enterprise that has had a positive development monetary year will in general brief an ascent in the estimation of its stock. In like manner monetary revealing that misses the mark concerning estimates has the impact of bringing down stock worth. Notwithstanding announcing outcomes, a company's rebelliousness with detailing necessities or late revealing has the effect of bringing down its stock worth. Principally, this is on the grounds that rebelliousness is most connected with issues inside the association or reports of an outside examination by the SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission). Corporate profit have the stream down effect of the raising or bringing down of buying intensity of its investors and workers. Representatives regularly advantage from possessing organization stock through a corporate investment opportunity program that grants stock to workers as retirement pay. An organization seeing misfortunes gives that loss of significant worth to its representatives by bringing down of the stock cost. This has the effect of bringing down the estimation of the worker's retirement plan. A success win circumstance would be representatives endeavoring to help the enterprise in making benefits in light of the fact that both the organization and the workers profit by higher stock qualities. For whatever length of time that partnerships and people have purchasing power they will practice that power by buying more stocks. That, in influence, gives the enterprise more cash to go through on tasks that bring in cash for the partnership. Consequently securities exchange esteems rise (Bull showcase). The reverse brings down stock qualities and reinvestment and the financial exchange encounters a bear showcase. In conclusion, a war has a fascinating effect on the financial exchange. At first, the declaration of a contention serves to drive the market descending. Be that as it may, when war creation starts and enterprises start to bring in cash as a result of the contention the securities exchange is driven up. Works Cited: Central bank

August and December

The time assigned for instructing and learning is a factor affecting understudies' scholarly presentation. There are three school terms each year with occasions in the middle of in the long periods of April, August and December.Research has indicated that dominant part of schools begin learning after the primary seven day stretch of the school term. This demonstrates there is a great deal of time wastage before learning starts. Besides,most schools free many educating/learning hours toward the start of the term. This wastage prompts less work being secured and prospectus not being finished on time thus adding to terrible showing in KCPE assessments. b. Ampleness of Learning Resources: The sufficiency and utilization of instructing and learning materials influences the viability of an instructor's lesson.Teaching and learning esources upgrades comprehension of conceptual thoughts and improves execution. Satisfactory learning assets like content books,improvised climate instruments,rel evant youngster well disposed library books, divider maps and the activity books are of foremost significance. This makes learning simpler of subjects like Social Studies exceptionally dynamic to the students. Further still,it has been demonstrated that school offices directly affect instructing and learning. Course books empower the students to follow the educator's grouping of introduction and helps in comprehension of exercises. . School Administration :The nature of school organization assumes an imperative job in scholastic execution as it is worried about students, educators, rules, guidelines and arrangements that oversee the educational system. In examining the proficiency of school organization, the accompanying angles should be thought of: Frequency of workforce gatherings Frequency of checking instructors' plans of work and exercise plans Adequacy of educators' earlier planning Frequency of class perception by the head instructor. Hardly any workforce conferences may prom pt less co-appointment of educational plan implementation.This a lead to less checking and revealing of the advancement of the schools exercises to the educators . Recurrence of Checking Teachers' Schemes of work: The obligation of checking the expert records like educators' plans of work and exercise plans lies in the hands of the head instructor. This might be done face to face or he may delegate to the representative head instructor or the senior educator. Readiness and utilization of plans of work by the educators upgrades consecutive instructing and results to improved achievement.Checking of instructors plans of work ought to be done oftentimes to permit the head educator screen educational program usage. Recurrence ot Checking the Teachers' Lessons Plans :Teacners' exercise plan is a protessional record arranged by educators with the end goal of introduction of an exercise. The educator shows whether the exercise has been instructed and goals accomplished; in the event that t he exercise isn't instructed, at that point the instructor demonstrates the motivation behind why and when he means to cover it; if the exercise targets are not accomplished, the educator plans for therapeutic exercise so as to make the idea comprehended by the pupils.Head instructors should screen exercise plan planning much of the time; else it might prompt poor erformance. Sufficiency of Teachers' Prior Preparation: Adequate earlier planning before an instructor goes to class prompts great execution by the understudies. This advances successive introduction of ideas by the educator to the students. Continuously, earlier planning by the instructors prompts orderly conveyance of ideas to understudies and improves execution. Perception of Classes by Head educators: One of the jobs of the head instructor is to complete interior management of educational program execution in his/her school.This includes physical perception of instructors' exercises in progress. One of the head instruc tors' jobs is standard class oversight so as to advance educational plan objectives. Inability to do so may prompt lackluster showing. 2. Instructor Based Factors These are the elements inside the educators that could impede or advance scholastic execution of understudies in their schools. Coming up next are a portion of the parts of educator based components: Teachers' responsibility Teachers' recurrence of non-attendance Teachers' inspiration Teachers' work load.Teachers' Commitment Level: Good execution is because of high duty levels by the instructors. Studies shows that educators who need eagerness can't o instruct viably, making understudies not to learn well. Recurrence of Absenteeism among Teachers: When instructors missing themselves from school every now and again, students go unattended and don't do well in assessments. Truancy by instructors lessens the measure of instructional time and this outcome in the prospectus not being finished. This consequently results to bring down yield of work by the pupils.Teachers' Motivation:A World Bank Report (1986) recognizes that educator fulfillment is commonly identified with accomplishment as fulfilled instructors would think henceforth upgrading scholastic execution of their understudies. Instructor Turn-over Rate:lf the educator turn-over rate is high then it can add to terrible showing in assessments. As per Schneider (2003) high instructor turn over powers schools to commit consideration, time and budgetary assets drawing in substitution of educators. Instructors' Workload: This is the quantity of exercises educators take per week.If instructors are not over-burden their yield in wording execution ought to be acceptable. 3. PUPlLS BASED FACTORS These are the variables inside the understudies that could improve or prevent their scholastic execution. Coming up next are a few viewpoints under student based components: 1. Understudies' language utilize 2. Students' pace of non-attendance 3. Students' delay to class. Students' Language Use: Pupils who collaborate utilizing English language will in general comprehend it better and do well in assessments as all assessments separated from Swahili are written in English language.It is similarly evident that less fatty who likewise communicate well utilizing Swahili language will finish the Swahili test. Therefore,both dialects must be supported in equivalent measure by the teachers,parents and the bigger network. Students' Frequency of Absenteeism: These is simply the part of how visit understudies missing themselves from school. At the point when students missing themselves from school, they will in general lose numerous ideas and certainly may not do well in tests. The impact of non-appearance and unpredictable school participation is that materials instructed are hard to comprehend when concentrated on one's own.Continued loss of classes results to loss of substance and information. Class assignments,exercises,homework and occasion school work would not be appropriately and effectively done prompting terrible showing. 4. Network Based Factors Community based elements are factors inside the network that obstruct or improve understudies' scholastic execution. In investigating the network based variables, the accompanying angles can be investigated: a) Parents' Consultation with Teachers:Good execution is acknowledged when guardians work in conference with the instructors so as to comprehend their kids better.Studies shows that regularly guardians don't counsel educators and that most guardians were less worried about training of the kids. Fake (2004) showed that guardians' association with instructors empowers them to comprehend what their kids are experiencing in school and what should be possible to manage the issues. It would likewise put students on caution and tudy in school as they would realize that their folks would ask about their presentation.

I am dumb

I am dumb Well, its pouring rain outside, and I managed to get myself up at 8:30 as usual for my 9:30 Tuesday/Thursday class, 9.15 (biochemistry and pharmacology of synaptic transmission). But I got outside and the wind was blowing so hard that my new umbrella broke in 30 seconds, and then I was running horribly late because I decided it was too windy to ride my bike, and I got soaked from the knees down in the torrential rain. And then I got to the classroom and discovered that class had been cancelled for the day and I had forgotten to check the schedule. Way to go, Mollie. So instead I came to Athena and worked on my application to UC Berkeleys Molecular and Cellular Biology PhD program. So I guess it wasnt a total waste, even if I am still soaking wet. But applications still make me nervous, and so Im sitting here in the cluster trying to figure out the difference between upper division GPA and junior/senior GPA and if I need to even write either one of these because I have no idea if my department requires this information. A Few Answers to Questions: 1. There were a few comments about messy kitchens. Ahem, my personal opinion (as someone who perhaps is one of the kitchen slobs) is that if you want something clean, youre gonna have to clean it yourself. I occasionally go on frantic cleaning sprees in my suite kitchen (usually when Im stressed out about something) and do everybodys dishes and scour the kitchen from top to bottom. Now, if everybody did that every once in a while, wouldnt the world (and the kitchen) be a better place? Unfortunately, other people dont agree with me (and its easier to clean a suite kitchen shared by 6 people than a floor kitchen shared by many more than that, I do realize). 2. Diana asked how my mom liked 5.60. Actually, she read Redbook and Womens Health Weekly (or something like that, you know the genre) the entire time. I was kind of disappointed, because here I was sitting there all studious with my mom, and shes the one flipping through magazines to look at the pictures 3. Dont get scurvy! Its not a good idea. Ack, late for 21A.100

My Cultural Identity - Free Essay Example

I was born in Royal-Oak, Michigan, but without any hesitation, I state that I am the product of two very different cultures. Both of my parents are one hundred percent Romanians, they moved to the United States twenty-three years ago. For so many times I heard them talking about Romania origins as a country, how Romania was formed, about Romanians and about their culture. One of my dads favorite stories is about Decebalus, how Decebalus was one of the feared-enemy for Romans, how he was fighting in three wars against the Roman Empire until he was defeated by Trajan. My dad also told me that Decebalus name means powerful, brave in Dacian and he chooses to commit suicide to avoid capture. In Romania for all Romanians, Decebalus is considered a national hero he is the proof of the Dacian origins of the Romanians. Last summer I spent the whole month of July in Romania. Romania is a country with lots of traditions and a powerful history. One of my favorite souvenirs from Romania is a small copy of a carved statue of Decebalus. The statue was my gift for my entire family, a gift which will remind us of our origins, about our hero, and about our history. After all these years of living in the United States, my family and I are still very connected with Romanian culture. In our family the Romanian culture can be seen in; food, the way we celebrate some holidays, religion, friends, music and language. Proudly, I can say that for Christmas and Easter our home smells like any other home from Romania. The Christmas and the Easter smell in my home are from the aroma of the Romanian traditional food. The traditional sarmale is one of my favorite dishes which in our family we eat every year at Christmas time. For Easter, our house smells sweet because of the aroma of the sweet Cozonac, a special Romanian bread which my mom makes just for Easter, a homemade sweet bread with raisins and walnuts. From the day I was born until the age of ten, I was really close to my grandparents. My grandparents taught me the Romanian language and they told me lots of stories from Romanian folklore. They played a big role through my childhood and they were my connection to my roots. These are examples which reflect my Romanian cultural identity; these examples show how in my family the Romanian traditions are preserved. In the beginning, I said that I am the product of two different cultures. I say this not because I was born in the United States but because my family and I are every day in touch with American traditions. I have American friends, I celebrate and respect any American traditions and customs. Nowadays, we are now living in a multicultural world where it is normal to try to keep our roots, but also to adapt to the world in which we live day by day. Culture determines our values, our history, how we interact with the world and how we interact with the people around us. Culture includes our nation history, our religion, our traditions, and the things or people which we are proud of. Culture makes us unique even if we live in a multicultural world.

Coles supermarket Essay Online For Free - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2617 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Case study Did you like this example? Analyse the business environment for Coles supermarket chain. 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background Coles is a national supermarket chain; liquor, fuel and convenience retailer in Australia. It was acquired in 2007 by Wesfarmers, â€Å"a diversified Australian company with strong, established market positions and recognised brands with the objective of delivering satisfactory returns to shareholders† (Wesfarmers, 2013, p.4).. According to Wesfarmers (2013), Cole’s sole purpose has been to give the Australian people a shop they can trust, to deliver quality, value and service. The main sources of business include the following: Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Coles supermarket Essay Online For Free" essay for you Create order 756 full service supermarkets 810 liquor outlets fewer than three brand and 92 hotels 636 fuel and convenience stores More than 99,000 team members As of 2013, according to Wesfarmers (2013), Coles operating results and drivers were: Revenue of $35.8 billion, up 4.9 per cent EBIT of $1,533 million, up 13.1 per cent Return on capital of 9.5 per cent, up from 8.7 per cent Total food and liquor sales growth of 5.5 per cent and comparative store sales growth of 4.3 per cent Over four years of industry outperformance Continued investment in customer value funded from cost reductions and business efficiencies Continued investment in product quality particularly fresh categories Ongoing transformation of the supply chain Launch of 90 more stores in renewal format and opening of 6 larger format stores and net space growth of 1.6 per cent Good progress on multi-channel initiatives including trials of new Coles Online website Growth in financial services including Coles Insurance and flybuys loyalty program Strong customer response to fuel offers and better range and value in the convenience store network 1.2 Scope and Approach This essay takes a critical look at the company, its current position, the internal capabilities, and its external environment, and considers strategic changes necessary to ensure Coles maintains its traditional offering of long term value creation. In developing this Business Analysis for Coles, the following tools have been used to assess present and future performance of the company: Situational Analysis, PEST Analysis, SWOT Analysis, 5 Forces Analysis Furthermore, this essay gives consideration to the current growth strategies adopted by the company and questions if these practices are the best options going forward, for delivering sustainability of the group’s strategic framework. 2.0 Situational Analysis 2.1 Internal Market Audit According to its 2013 sustainability report, Coles’ business focused on six key areas to improve its sustainability: Training and development of its team Customer trust in the produce range, value and quality Water savings and energy efficiency of the stores Workplace safety Supporting the local communities in which we operate Working with suppliers to further develop strong sustainable relationships. 2.1.1 Present Business Review Wesfarmers’ â€Å"operating model is focused on ensuring each of its Group’s divisions has a very strong management capability and day-to-day operational autonomy, overseen by divisional boards and a well-established Group-wide framework where governance processes are coordinated over a 12-month operating cycle. This approach encourages strong accountability for operating results and assurance in areas such as: Strategic planning, Budgeting and monitoring of performance; Risk management, including internal audit and insurance protection; Group-wide human resource management systems such as executive remuneration and share schemes, talent development and key role succession planning; Centralised statutory accounting, tax, treasury and legal support.† (Wesfarmers 2013, p. 6) Coles’ revenue in 2013 was $35.8billion, an increase of 4.9 per cent from the previous year. Its five year financial history report (See Appendix1) shows a steady growth in revenue generation. â€Å"Coles delivered earnings growth of 13.1 per cent to $1,533 million, building on the 16.3 per cent and 21.2 per cent earnings growth in the 2012 and 2011 financial years respectively† (Wesfarmers 2013, p. 3). Figure 1: Five year Revenue Increase Source: Adopted from Wesfarmers 2013, Annual reports. Coles’ proposed strategies and prospects are to: Embark on second wave of transformation with a focus on quality, service and value. And take advantage of further store renewal opportunities, supply chain transformation and operating efficiencies; as well as investment in category innovation, Coles brand and development, multi-channel integration and a tailored loyalty offer and a culture of continuous improvement. â€Å"In 2013, the Coles turnaroun d strategy produced strong trading results by improving quality, service and value. The business continued to out-perform the industry and successfully completed the final year of a five-year turnaround plan† (Wesfamers, 2013, p.25) 2.1.2 Customer Analysis From its various outlets nationally Coles handles more than 19 million customer transactions a week. Coles claims its customer-focused strategy continues to improve in efficiency and productivity, while investing in lower prices, delivering better quality through its ‘Australian First’ sourcing policy and developing a stronger store base through new store openings and renewing existing stores contributed to it steady revenue growth as the financial indicators have shown. â€Å"The transformation of Coles since its acquisition has progressed with operational efficiencies and continued fund reinvestment in price. As well as a sustained turnaround of the business, providing benefits for consumers, suppliers and employees for the past five years thus, delivering a much stronger platform for future growth† (Wesfarmers 2013, p.25). 2.1.3 Financial Analysis As of the last 2012/2013 financial year, Coles was able to generate earnings before interest and Tax (EBIT) of $1,533m as can be seen in figure 2 below. Figure 2: EBIT Source: Adopted from Wesfarmers 2013 Financial Reports. Tables 1 2 below show the key financial indicators and Coles’ performance over the past few years. Table 1: Key Financial data Coles 2012 2013 Revenue $m 35,780 34,117 Earnings before interest and tax $m 1,533 1,356 Segment assets $m 20,367 19,940 Segment liabilities $m 4,145 3,676 Capital employed $m 16,114 15,572 Return on capital employed % 9.5 8.7 Source: Adopted from Wesfarmers 2013 Financial Reports Table 2: Key Financial Indicators For the year ended 30 June 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Revenue ($m) 28,799 30,002 32,073 34,117 35,780 Earnings before interest and tax ($m) 831 962 1,166 1,356 1,533 Capital employed (R12) ($m) 15,140 14,886 15,018 15,572 16,114 Return on capital employed (%) 5.5 6.5 7.8 8.7 9.5 Capital expenditure ($m) 606 683 840 1,218 1,181 Source: Adopted from Wesfarmers 2013 Financial Reports. As reported in the Wesfarmers 2013 Financial Reports and shown in table1 above it can be observed that, for year 2012/2013, Coles has generated a healthy return on capital employed (ROE) of 9.5%, and improvement from 8.7% for the previous year. An increase in capital expenditure and liabilities has been due to the company’s support for net capital investments across the Group. This is up to an increase of $1.5 billion to $1.9 billion in 2014. â€Å"The group also managed strong credit ratings with Moody’s Investor Service upgrading Wesfarmers’ issuer and senior unsecured long-term debt rating from Baa1 (positive) to A3 (stable) consistent with the Group’s credit rating from Standard and Poor’s of A- (stable)†¦ It settled all outstanding debt in the name of the Coles group and continued to neutralise the dilution that would otherwise have occurred from the Dividend Investment Plan and Employee Share plans†(Wesfarmers 2013, p. 13). Interests, income and expenditure are however not allocated to operating segments at Wesfarmers. This type of activity is managed on a group basis. Revenue and earnings of various divisions are also affected by the effect of high seasonality such as, for the retail divisions like Coles, earnings are typically greater in the December half of the financial year due to the impact of the Christmas holiday shopping period on the retail business. 2.2 External Market Audit Given the nature and scale of Coles’ business, the impact of macro and micro forces on its operations is considered to be relatively large compared to the standard in the industry. The external market has been assessed based on PEST analysis and Competitor analysis. 2.2.1 PEST Analysis To explore how the macro environment has impacted the supermarket chain industry and Coles specifically, a PEST analysis has been used, which consists of Political, Economic, Social and Technology factors as shown below. Figure 3: PEST ANALYSIS – Coles Group Ltd Source: Author. i. Political Factors The supermarket chain industry attracts a great deal of attention from the government, non-governmental organizations and even advocacy groups. Due to the size of the industry and how significant a component of the economy and social welfare of countries it is, it has trigged debates on the future and current state of the industry on a global basis. The industry is mature in many countries and in Australia, it is considered a ‘duopoly’, which is a market situation where â€Å"two companies own all or nearly all of the market for a similar product or service† (Kumar Sharma 1998, p.229). With regards to Coles and the supermarket chain industry in Australia, the political situation as described in the preceding paragraph holds true. According to the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, Australia is one of the largest importers of grocery products and its a key contributor to the economy of neighbouring countries. Coles is also an equal opportuni ties employer which provides equal employment opportunities nationwide. Coles also sources products responsibly and contribute positively to the communities in which it operates. Other political factors that have an impact can include: Government initiatives and subsidies for local produce and foreign export policies Legislation for local farmers’ protection Market deregulation for foreign groceries to compete ii. Economic Factors The Supermarket chain industry is a high-risk industry, which requires a substantial strategic planning process, customer satisfaction and significant investment. To compete many companies have pursued alliances and joint ventures with shared facilities and outright buy outs to maintain the cost. The global recession of the past years has also had a significant impact on smaller retailers and the supermarket industry as a whole. Other economic factors that have had an impact include: Rise in currency rates Competition from developing countries Competitor rivalry Mergers and Acquisitions of big players Market seasonality and trade cyclesSupplier and customer drivers iii. Social Factors Aging populations and longer life expectancies, changing taste, healthy living styles and specific dietary requirements have increased demand for more organic food, and have been an important factor in the growth of new brands. In the US and UK, greater life expectancy will depend on diet, exercise and a positive attitude to life and increasing knowledge, according to Newell et al (2006). The Australian government’s plays an important role in promoting exercise, healthy living and a positive culture, which in effect can reduce consumption of certain brands and product demographics for Coles. iv. Technological Factors Increased use of the Internet has helped to reduce media costs and also made room for increase innovation in the supermarket chain industry. Coles has capitalised on the internet to continue to develop its online sales platform which has thus managed to attract interest from younger audiences and increased sales significantly. 2.2.2 Competitor Analysis 5 Forces The Five Forces model developed by Michael Porter provides a frame work to identify the competitive nature of an industry. Even though extremely subjective, a broad Five Forces analysis indicates that competitive rivalry within the supermarket chain industry is medium in Australia. Figure 4: Porter’s Five Forces Model Source: Author Based on the research and competitive analysis carried out and relative to Porter’s five analyses as shown in figure4, it can be observed that: As a known fact that, â€Å"Australia’s grocery markets is one of the most concentrated in the world, Woolworths and Wesfarmers (owner of Coles) account for almost 80% of supermarket sales, 60% of alcohol retail, 50% of petrol retail and 40% of all retail in Australia† (Ethical Consumer Group 2014). With their large market share they have and continue to exert considerable influence over suppliers and make the playing field extremely tough for much smaller independ ent retailers such as IGA, Foodland, 7-Eleven, Lucky 7, BP and several other liquor retailers. See figure 5 below. Figure 5: Australian Grocery Market Share Source: Ferrier Hodgson Ferrier’s Focus May 2011 from Wesfarmers and Woolworths annual reports 2010, NARGA November 2010 Report, Master Grocers Australia December 2010 Thus, Coles has only one major competitor – Woolworths; and a few direct competitors such as Aldi and Metcash. These four, Coles inclusive make up the big players in the industry. With each of them having a different and unique operating model, competitor rivalry is therefore high to medium. The market concentration of private label brands from these giants have been blamed for Australia having the fastest rising grocery prices in the developed world. Threat of substitution is therefore also high to medium because there are only four main competitors with similar prices. This is the same reason why customer bargaining power is me dium to low, and threat of market entry to compete with the big four is very low. Other competition therefore can only come from local harvests, independent grocers and small supermarkets and recently Costco. 3.0 SWOT Analysis As a result of the internal and external market audits undertaken, a complementing SWOT analysis for Coles’ group will help to evaluate areas of strength, weaknesses, growth opportunities and threats for the company. Results are shown in figure 5 below: Figure 6: SWOT Analysis for Coles Group Source: Author 4.0 Conclusion In conclusion, there are no real threats or key issues for Coles presently except for the recurrent price wars with its major competitor and concerns about the sustainability of these battles. With continuous market dominance however, leading to Australias powerful supermarket duopoly, this could be termed as inhospitable and leaving consumers to revel in cheaper staples. A key to survival of any business is the need to increase revenue and reduce dependence upon financing via debt bearing instruments. Coles, in respect to these strategic options is already in the process of developing new initiatives by reducing its debts and focusing on quality, service and value. Coles is in the forefront of innovation by taking advantage of further store renewal opportunities, supply chain transformation and a strategic approach to improved operational efficiencies and continued fund reinvestment in price. Reference List Ethical Consumer Group 2014, viewed 08 May 2014, www.ethical.org.au/get-informed/issues/supermarkets-in-australia/ Kumar, R Sharma, R 1998, Managerial Economics, New Delhi: India Atlantic Publishers Distributors Newell, RG, Jaffe, AB Stavins RN 2006, ‘The effects of economic and policy incentives on carbon mitigation technologies’, Energy Economics, vol. 28, p. 563 – 578. Wesfarmers, 2013, Wesfarmers Annual Report 2013. viewed 08 May 2014, https://media.corporate-ir.net/media_files/IROL/14/144042/wes/WESFARMERS%20ANNUAL%20REPORT%202013.pdf Bibliography Brownlee II, ER, Ferris KR Haskins ME 1990, Corporate Financial Reporting: Text and Cases, Boston: BPI/Irwin, Grant, RM 2010, Contemporary Strategy Analysis, 7th edn, West Sussex, UK.: John Wiley Sons Ltd, Johnson, G, Scholes, K Whittington, R 2009, Fundamentals of Strategy, Essex, England: Pearson Education Kruger, C, Greenblat E Butler, B 2012, ‘Its all shelf interest in a price war’, Sidney Morning Herald, 21 April, viewed 08 May 2014, https://www.smh.com.au/business/its-all-shelf-interest-in-a-price-war-20120420-1xcms.html#ixzz31Bc7Z5gu Mableson, T Stewart, J 2011, Supermarket shootout: Will the independents survive?, Ferriers Focus, p.2. Porter, ME 2004, Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance, New York: Free Press,. Slack, N, Chambers, S, Johnston, R Betts, A 2009, Operations and Process Management: Principles and Practice for Strategic Impact, 2nd edn, Pearson Education, Essex, England. Stuart Alexander 20 14, viewed 09 May 2014, https://www.stuartalexander.com.au/aust_grocery_market_woolworths_coles_wholesale.php Wickham, PA 2004, Management Consulting Delivering an Effective Project, 2nd edn, Essex, England : Pearson Education Zehner, D Sanders, M 2012, The new reality for grocery suppliers in Australia, Bain Company, viewed 14 May 2014, https://www.bain.com/offices/australia/en_us/publications/new-reality-for-grocery-suppliers-in-australia.aspx Appendix : 5 year financial History All figures in $m unless shown otherwise 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 Summarised Income Statement Sales revenue 59,422 57,685 54,513 51,485 50,641 Other operating revenue 410 395 362 342 341 Operating revenue 59,832 58,080 54,875 51,827 50,982 Operating profit before depreciation and amortisation, finance costs and income tax 4,729 4,544 4,155 3,786 3,803 Depreciation and amortisation (1,071) (995) (923) (917) (856) EBIT 3,658 3,549 3,232 2,869 2,947 Finance costs (432) (505) (526) (654) (951) Income tax expense (965) (918) (784) (650) (474) Operating profit after income tax attributable to members of Wesfarmers Limited 2,261 2,126 1,922 1,565 1,522 Capital And Dividends Ordinary shares on issue (number) 000s as at 30 June 1,157,194 1,157,072 1,157,072 1,157,072 1,157,072 Paid up ordinary capital as at 30 June 23,290 23,286 23,286 23,286 23,286 Fully-franked dividend per ordinary share (declared) (cents) 180 165 150 125 110 Financial Performance Earnings per share (weighted average) (cents) 195.9 184.2 166.7 135.7 158.5 Earnings per share growth 6.4% 10.5% 22.8% (14.4%) (9.0%) Return on average ordinary shareholders equity (R12) 8.9% 8.4% 7.7% 6.4% 7.3% Fixed charges cover (R12) (times) 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.5 2.2 Net interest cover cash basis (R12) (times) 12.2 10.8 9.5 6.8 5.0 Financial Position As At 30 June Total assets 43,155 42,312 40,814 39,236 39,062 Total liabilities 17,133 16,685 15,485 14,542 14,814 Net assets 26,022 25,627 25,329 24,694 24,248 Net tangible asset backing per ordinary share $4.69 $4.45 $4.12 $3.61 $3.13 Net debt to equity 20.2% 19.1% 17.1% 16.3% 18.3% Total liabilities/total assets 39.7% 39.4% 37.9% 37.1% 37.9% STOCK MARKET CAPITALISATION AS AT 30 JUNE 45,936 34,846 36,913 33,171 26,337 Source: Adopted from West farmers 2013 Annual Report

Determinants Of A College Basketball Team - 3849 Words

Determinants of a college basketball team’s revenue 08/15/2014 Nils Weddig, Siena College, USA Abstract This paper shows empirical evidence of how a men’s college basketball program’s revenue is affected by several determinants. Results are being taken out of sample data from the past eight basketball seasons. The most important determinants considering a college basketball team’s revenue include advertising, ticket pricing, performance during the previous season as well as the past three games, performance of a local rival’s program in the previous season, quality of opponents faced, time of the event, and the Gross State Product. This article evaluates the listed determinants on the basis of a regression analysis to provide†¦show more content†¦College basketball is one of the most popular college sports to attend and to watch. The evaluated college is compared to other Division 1 programs a smaller college. However, their basketball team is still very competitive and has appeared in eleven national tournaments, six of which have been at the NCAA tournament. Over the past decade the program has seen a lot of success but they have also battled many hardships. Even though the success of the team has changed throughout the years the one thing that has never changed is the support from the students, alumni, faculty, and the community. At every home game the arena is filled with students, alumni, faculty, as well as the local community that attend to watch great basketball and support their favorite team. In this research article we are going to analyze how the program’s revenue is affected by different determinants. Collecting data of past ticket sales, pricing of the tickets, as well as the attendance for each game will enable us to determine the amount of revenue generated from this program. Some determinants that we are going to consider are the advertisement expenses for each game, the opponent’s team quality, the performance of the crosstown rival’s basketball program, whether the games are being held during the week or on weekends as well as the time of the game, and finally a demographic factor, the Gross State

Top Advice on Custom Essay Papers Writing Service

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Bacteria Classification by Gram Staining Essay - 814 Words

Bacteria Classification By Gram Staining THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY IN CAIRO BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT SCIENCE 453 : BIOLOGY FOR ENGINEERS REPORT No.1 Presented By : Karim A. Zaklama 92-1509 Sci. 453-01 24/2/96 Objective: To test a sample of laboratory prepared bacteria and categorise it according to Christians gram positive and gram negative classes and also by viewing it under a high powered microscope and oil immersions; classify its shape and note any special characteristics. Introduction: Bacteria was categorised into two groups in 1884 by the Danish Bacteriologist Christian, gram positive and gram negative by a staining technique where the ability to avoid de-coloration of Crystal Violet solution by alcohol would render the category†¦show more content†¦11. Leave the slide to air dry. B. Examination: 1. Place the slide under microscope on low powered lens. 2. Move the slide using the apparatus until the sample can be seen as a blur under the microscope. 3. Focus the lens to ensure that there is a sample directly under the lens. 4. Move to higher powered lens, repeat step 3. 5. Move to higher powered lens, repeat step 3 6. Move microscope aside and add Oil immersion, leave for a few seconds and re-examine the slide. Note Shape and colour and any other observations. Results and Observations: It was evident by visual examination that the alcohol was de-colouring or a least partially de-colouring the bacteria. The sample appeared a dark pink or close to violet by the naked eye; a microscope was needed to ensure results. Under the low powered microscope shades of pink were noted. Under the medium power, the shades were more clear but no shape could be made out. Under the high powered microscope clumps of pink rod (bacilli) shaped bacteria cells could be observed. Under Oil Immersion and high powered lens the cells could seen more spaced out and thus a clearer indication of the pink colour, bacilli shape and spores could be made out in the individual cells. Conclusion: The Shape was noted as Bacilli (Rod-like) shaped cells; a gram variable shape, distinct in either Gram Negative or Gram positive bacteria. The final colour of the cells were stained pink byShow MoreRelatedUnderstanding The Nature Of Bacteria Are The Smallest And Most Versatile Independent Living Organism1010 Words   |  5 PagesBacteria are the smallest and most versatile independent living organism commonly known today. We were able to understand the nature of bacteria being that they are present in most habitats. They live in symbiotic and parasitic environments with plants and animals. Because they are moderately small, examination in the laboratory was necessary in order to observe cell activities, motilities and binary fission. 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The AXE Man Free Essays

Advertisement, itself, is a creative genre in these post-modern days of ideas. If people in the future were to search for artifacts of our culture, in hopes of finding something that gives them insight into our culture and our life, they will be able to see what we leave behind in this consumer-driven world. Our ancestors left behind arrow heads and pottery, and we will leave behind a lot more that can easily communicate about who we are and what is important to us. We will write a custom essay sample on The AXE Man or any similar topic only for you Order Now Commercials and the products they advertise are some of the most important cultural artifacts in our society. They communicate what is important to or influences our culture, the good and the bad, because within any culture it is natural for the many different aspects of that culture to be portrayed on the screen or the page, from our stereotypes and biases, to what makes us proud and what makes us ashamed. One commercial that seems to represent an artifact of American culture is the recent AXE commercial, where a young man on a beach begins to spray AXE cologne, attracting literally hundreds of buxom beauties in bikinis, with the slogan being â€Å"Spray more, Get more†. The implications here about the way our culture stereotypes gender and what types of images we find to be suitable becomes part of the artifact and what it stands for in our culture. The first part of the advert shows a woman running in a wilderness. The first question that comes to mind is if this is a spoof of the new Mel Gibson movie â€Å"Apocalypto†? The theme of said movie is the hunter-hunted type of thriller where the protagonist is always on the run (from an AXE man perhaps? ). This is further implied by the choice of music – â€Å"Deus Irae† by Karl Jenkins which appears on his album â€Å"Requiem†. But then the video shows something else. There are many more than women running and therefore this is something else. The women are all focused with the task of reaching the goal first. They are single-minded indeed, to the point of being obsessed with whatever it is that made them run in the first place. All are jockeying for position and intense shoving and pushing is seen in the first few seconds. The second thing that hits the viewer is the fact that the women are not properly clad. If they are indeed going for a late afternoon jog then where is the sports wear needed to do the job? It is not usually normal to run with skimpy clothing! Then the next thing that hits the viewer is the fact that these are not only a group of young women running but it is actually a swarm. The multitude running together indicates mass hysteria. At this point the audience is becoming interested to know what this anarchy is all about; are they hunting for something? Again similarities can be drawn with â€Å"Apocalypto†. The next scene makes the video a bit confusing as a shot is taken from the other side of the terrain – a shot of the ocean where a similar number of horde of women are swimming frantically towards the shore. For a minute there one thinks that this may be something about the â€Å"Iron Woman† competition. But then it becomes clear as the video gives a top shot that shows where all the women are heading. The swarm is converging on the shore where a solitary male figure was spraying AXE cologne, specifically AXE Lynx. And the text flashed in the end saying, â€Å"Spray more. Get more. † If the AXE commercials are to be marked as anything of immediate interest, the popular tags that come to mind immediately are â€Å"pornographic advert† or â€Å"advert with sexual overtones. † Such terms are quite befitting as we find the women who are running from different topographical extremes have svelte, well-maintained physiques with sexual appeal, and the man on the beach stands armed with AXE cologne to attract more such women by spraying more of the heart-smashing fragrance. Commercials stand as an important artifact that can be used to understand a culture, and this commercial in particular says a lot about certain gender-related issues. Commercials such as this are not only for entertainment value, they are subconsciously sending messages to a population of people that view what they see on television as truth and fact. Someday, people will study such commercials in search of something historically or culturally important to our generation and will quickly realize that for all of our advances in our way of thinking and our technology, we were still submitting ourselves to the humiliation of gender-related stereotypes and sexually explicit material. If sexual excesses are not used deliberately, then why has such a slogan been floated in the air: Spray more, Get more? Is it not somewhat pornographic, tickling the fancy of men with the promise of winning an armful of femme fatales at one sprinkle of AXE? Why again a horde of belles are needed with immense sexual charms if no sexual implications are intended? When a condom, a bra or lingerie is advertised, the same types of images are blatantly paraded across the television screen, the sexual overtones not even subtle anymore. Even in odd places do we see such use of sexuality to sell a product, like the commercials that are for car insurance but are cartoons, using the cartoon character of a cute, busty girl to try and sell insurance for someone’s automobile. Even Pizza Hut commercials use Jessica Simpson’s sexuality to sell pizza, and Pepsi has been notorious for using stars such as Madonna to sell their product. The fact is that sex sells. Thus, if categorically the artifact is to be judged, then it is a piece of advertisement in the first place and then it is pornographic i. e. an advert with sexual overtones. In my view, whatever nomenclature may be piled on the term â€Å"advertisement†, it is a creative way of presenting an object or a commodity. So I would like to call it innovative advertisement. If we move a step further we will be able to see that innovative and sexually-exploitive adverts apply to all sorts of business tricks to catch the consumer youth. There is yet another genre that this advert falls into, and that is humorous. Despite its sexual overtones, the commercial is filmed in such a way that, at first glance, it appears to be harmless, comedic tone and all. The public seems to be very forgiving of any images or messages that are not politically correct when there is humor involved, as in this case. There is no complaining from the public even if a salacious picture or video clipping is used in order to make a commodity attractive to the target audience. It may appear denigrating in the eye of a few thoughtful, conservative people, but to hit the bull’s eye of consumerism, it is a weapon, a necessity, the need of the hour. In fact, this advert was shown only once on British television prior to a World Cup football game where it has reached near cult status. I never considered myself to be a conservative person, not even a little bit. I really thought the AXE commercial to be a great one with a sense of humor, but after I observed it many times closely, there were several things really bothering me. While it is common knowledge that marketers are using sex to sell their products, the issue that arises with this commercial is that it tried to hide the sexual content behind the product itself. The text did not imply anything sexual and therefore no one can accuse AXE of intentionally telling men of the benefits of using their cologne in terms of their becoming attractive sexually, but the imagery is enough to convince the viewer that it is selling the product through sex. In other words, AXE is using the fantasies of young men to bring them in as consumers of their product by promising them, visually, that there is something about their product that attracts women. If there is a law regulating sexual themes in advertising then it seems that the AXE advert is trying to beat the system. Those who do not agree with the blatant use of sex in advertising, be it implied or explicit, must heed the words of Tom Reichert when he wrote, â€Å"†¦other forms of sexual information is woven into ads [†¦] sexual content can vary in form and meaning, it is important to provide an overview of recurring representations of sex in advertising† (Reichert, 2003). The bone of contention here is how to draw the line between what is acceptable and what is not. J. Sivulka had warned that â€Å"when scholars have explained the changing nature of sex in advertising, they have often viewed this shift as an evolution from a relatively innocent representation of a sexually alluring woman to a new type of image, in which sex is explicit† (Sivulka, 2003). The world it seems is divided over what kind of judgment to give this sort of TV commercial, but fo r those who are looking for substance there is only one verdict. For those who are tired of being given information that is not based on truth but rather on assumptions and pop culture, the verdict is not positive. In the AXE commercial the first thing that does not escape the viewer is the stereotyping of the female. Geral Tellis observed that, â€Å"One of the most common criticisms of advertising is the gender stereotyping [†¦] endorsers are typically presented as young, beautiful, and sexually attractive†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Tellis, 2004). As a female watching this commercial I felt it not only was the dreaded stereotyping being used but also the fact that women were depicted as not having the intellect to comprehend what was going on and furthermore, that women were not valued for their intellect at all, but for their appearance. The women were portrayed like buffoons, parading themselves with no regard for their self-worth, with no obvious intelligence (in direct contrast with the ‘Iron Woman’ comparison). Instead of showing a commercial where the images show an intelligent, well-mannered male using AXE cologne and attracting an intellectual and strong woman, we are bombarded with yet more images of the stereotypical buxom bimbo and in my opinion, that is an insult to the feminists out there who are championing woman’s equal rights, access to power and control. The AXE commercial made them look like they have no ability whatsoever to control their destiny, much alone their lives and they are purely driven by instincts. Lorraine Code asserts that this kind of reaction is not new and she wrote that in fact, â€Å"In the 1970s feminists criticized advertisements for portraying stereotypical images of women†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Code, 2000). Forget about the feminist stereotype, what is disturbing about the way women were depicted in the AXE ad is the fact that there is no truth to what was being communicated. Granting that commercials are not supposed to be whole truths, still the fact that something can be created wholly out of imagination is a bit of a stretch. Adding another aspect of then forcing people to accept it or maybe worse, manipulating people to behave in a certain way are actions not acceptable for a highly influential medium. A casual survey of the real world will immediately inform the observer that women do not behave like those in the said commercial. If the producer of the AXE commercial would come back and say that this is the whole point; that making fantastic claims and using pure creative imagination to sell something is the reality of advertising, then it is going to be hard to argue that line of reasoning. Even if this were the case, not everybody will agree with the producer. Many believe that advertising is no longer a neutral medium but that it is an artifact that has the capacity to transform society, especially how people think, and therefore it is a medium to be regulated. If one allows the producer of the AXE commercial the benefit of the doubt, that there was no intention to demean women and to insult their intelligence, then the problem keeps on compounding because the next group that would be insulted by this commercial is the male population, because while it is common to hear women being exploited, more and more men are being devalued by the media as well. There is a movement out there that forces the world to recognize the place of women in society. It is almost a normal experience to constantly hear of women being abused and misrepresented, but it may be taken for granted that men can also be stereotyped. That there is a whole assumption out there that men are savages and no smarter than wild beasts who are being controlled by their carnal instincts would be insulting to me if I was male, and I cannot believe that the media can stereotype both genders in such simple terms. To be honest, however, no man would stand up and say that his reputation is on the line because of such media exploitation. For them, it is somewhat absurd, but if truth can be told and truth be the standard of knowing what must be done in this society then someone has to point out the problem with the AXE commercial. What exactly is wrong about it in terms of the male image is that this time men are not depicted as buffoons in the same way that the ladies were depicted running around half-naked and half-crazed when a potent brew aroused their senses and they could not control themselves. This time men were assumed to be buffoons, period. This assumption is basically a belief that when men will see the commercial then they will not stop to think and evaluate what is being projected on screen. They will simply instinctively pick up their wallets, head for the store and buy a crate full of AXE cologne – and â€Å"spray more†. It is interesting to note that marketers are well aware of what they are doing to the male stereotype and the projection of an image that will make men want to buy the cologne. As suggested by Stephen Fox in his study of the history of American advertising, marketers in the past made the generalization that, â€Å"†¦all men are fools† (Fox, 1997). They have expanded this theory into something more useful, â€Å"†¦that while men may be fools and sinners, they are everlastingly on the search for that which is good† (Fox, 1997). Advertising is the guide that leads them to the path of bliss and truth; yet, there is one more weakness of the male psyche that is being exploited here, but it must first be understood that this commercial was not created with the general public in mind. It is quite probable that the target-segment are young men between puberty and their twenties. It is possible that the target-market are adolescent males who lack the confidence to take their place in the world and establish relationships with the opposite sex and therefore need a touch of courage, in this case in the form of AXE cologne. There is evidence pointing to the fact that the target market is indeed the teenager segment of the population. Buddenberg pointed out that, â€Å"†¦despite being more knowledgeable about advertising, teens are still very susceptible to it† (Buddenberg, 2004). Fox enumerated the common behaviors considered normal for teens: a) struggle with sense of identity; b) feeling awkward or strange about one’s self and one’s body; c) concerns regarding physical and sexual attractiveness to others; and, d) worries about being normal (Fox, 1997). If Fox’s theory proves right then what a powerful effect the AXE commercial must be having on the minds of the teenage males that watch it. The video suggests achieving power and control where there is none – by simply spraying more AXE. To be fair, however, I must say that the humorous nature of the commercial was, even to me, funny at the beginning and I did not take it serious on first glance. The women, making funny faces and rushing this geeky-looking young man whose eyes are huge as he watches the scene unfold before him was more of a comedic event than anything. In this way, the producer of this commercial was not, perhaps, trying to use stereotypes about men and women to influence our culture, but perhaps just trying to make an impression, something that is hard to do in a society filled with a flood of advertisements at every turn. Despite my misgivings about the commercial, I do not remember any other cologne commercials vividly, only AXE, and perhaps that was the point all along. The advertisement used in this study can make people react in many different ways. The more important issue to address is the potential offensive effect of the commercial to both men and women, at least to those who are sensitive enough to really analyze the content of the video. The problem with the video is that it depicts women as stupid and at the same time assumes that young men are stupid enough to believe what they are seeing and will not take the time to verify it. Moreover, the commercial is trying to hide its sexual content and that is not acceptable for those who are shielding children and the rest of the public from too much exposure to indecency. Still, at the core of the problem is the unceasing evolution of advertising. This time what is perceived to be improper will soon change in a few years time. This will continue until one day, parents and concerned citizens will one day wake up to see sex in advertising being shown explicitly without shame. At some point, American advertising will turn the corner and, just as now, we will simply sit back, watch, hence evolving as viewers too, and let the images convince us of something just as ridiculous as the assumptions made in the AXE cologne commercial. Having said that, however, the public is not as taken in by adverts as we once were and so advertisers may be responding accordingly by making adverts more humorous, shocking and ridiculous in order to capture our attention and remember the product in question which is being advertised. Then just as the advert may be mocking women and/or men it may just as easily be merely ‘tongue in cheek’ and using the satirical content to try and get the consumer to simply buy a product which makes you smell nice! So, whether it be gender stereotyped, intellectually backward or in direct contrast, intellectually superior in order to be able to appreciate the humor in the AXE advert and not take it too seriously, the artifacts our commercial culture is leaving behind are, sadly, not a representation of who we really are, but who were are told to be. How to cite The AXE Man, Papers

Need for the code of ethics for construction professional & engineers

Abstract Engineers are the pioneer for global development and professionals are catalysts for problem solving but void of any rules, regulations, code of conduct or ethics, society would not allow the school of practical thinkers to advance or prosper in todays competent world. The study is to dwell deeper into the morals and ethical code of conduct and its valuable importance for professionals and engineers engaged into construction job. It is a call for duty towards the society and satisfaction of personal conscience. Introduction Code of ethics place integrity of interests of society and their security over the shoulders of professionals. Regardless of the job titles and posts, code of ethics is liable(Ladd, 1982) and should be necessarily followed as a benchmark for professionals around the globe. Professionals and engineers face numerous ethical dilemmas(Kultgen, 1988) in everyday life ranging from working under harsh environments, working on incompetent projects, to even sexual harassment in some areas. Every code of ethics namely business ethics, ethics for employees and professional ethical practices should be applied in civil construction practices. The need for ethics is prominent to uphold the fundamental canons of moral code to maintain dignity and truthfulness among the mass. The paramount for safety of the society lies in the hands of ethically behaving professionals. The principles and paradigms of ethics The need of the construction business is to produce, procure and prosper based on ethical conducts. There is a need for enforcement at initiating stage, construction stage and also at post construction stage. There is a need for enhancement in human welfare(Anshen, 1998) by building, maintaining and sustaining trust among the public. Since, safety is a prime concern in construction, therefore ethics are primarily based over safety concerns and serving the public with the fidelity(Hamzah et.al, 2010). To support the professional, technical, or entrepreneurial societies, ethics for professionals the prime necessity. Striving to achieve competency and prestige for the company and for the enterprise fundamental principles of ethics. The need of the hour and for the precious environment is to follow sustainable development strategies and these also form a part of the business ethics as described by the organizations. To prevent any kind of damage, hazard, disaster, accident or mishap engineers need to abide by the code of ethics by performing services in the areas matching the level and the degree of their competency(Carr, 1988). There is a recent upsurge of unethical practices in construction business such as bribery, corruption, bid cutting, bid shopping, cover pricing, or many other payment games being played by professionals. So, in order to curb these malpractices ethical implementation is necessary. In order to maintain the prestige and aura of the company social and public statements made by the managers or professionals of construction agencies need to be clear, concise, crisp and complete. Any kind of failure should be followed by immediate ethical norms and practices by giving objective replies and taking trustworthy remedial actions. The need of ethics to be followed at the time of conflict is a major area of concern. Construction engineers and professionals must rapidly resolve any kind of conflict arising in order to serve the general interest of public swiftly and with caution. For a construction firm of organization it is essential to maintain the reputation and the professional fame in order to remain competent in the construction business. A highlighting trait of competitive advantage is to function in the industry abiding by the set code of laws and ethics of the business market. In construction business there is no scope for fraud with raw materials and this is an evidence which profoundly speaks of the ethics to be followed by the professionals. There is a zero-tolerance policy in case of corruption and this should be included in the order book defining code of ethical practices(Loulakis,2003). In case of tender disclosures or documentation there is a dire need to follow business ethical practices in order to remain trustworthy and dependable. It is critically important to evaluate the ethics in the background of environment without any discrimination of performance in services on the basis of caste, creed or color without violating any lawful regulation in professional concern. Hence, the need of ethics is showcased in every domain and region of the professional arena from security, integrity, trust, performance, learning and skill refining. The laws of ethics Ethics are regulated by the government using various laws. The need to abide by the ethics are also in regard with respect of the law and following the regulations(Lavers, 2006) imposed by the law. Buildings Act 1993 clearly states the objectives(Australian Government, 2009) of enhancing the amenity of buildings by providing effective systems for building and by enforcing safety matters related to construction by regulating the building practitioners(McCarthy, 2012). It is mandatory for the professionals and engineers to go by the word of law and follow mentioned ethical practices in order to survive in the industrial arena. It is hence mandatory to follow the ethics and any breach in code of conduct may lead to a sign of professional misconduct under laws and acts. Laws are keys for setting standards for certifying building functions in public interest. Laws proclaim to follow the ethics and morals as per the expectations of the customers. Case studies There are several case studies calling for ethical practices to be taken seriously and morally. Quebec Bridge collapse and failure costed 88 lives and took a long span of time to complete(Pearson, 2006). The planning, design and execution were a mistake from the side of engineers. The engineers did not practice ethical means of execution while construction leading to disaster of collapse. Post disaster, other projects followed general guidelines for clearing ethical examinations to showcasing good character in order to understand the values required behind the construction and inherent processes. Another case study which is a striking example of unethical practices which became a lesson for others was Citicorp in New York. The structure of the building was unsound and due to unethical practices to save labor and material costs by replacing them with weaker bolts. The act of a leader to alert the damage of Citicorp was used as an example of ethical behavior for future. The need of ethical behavior was safety of public in empowering of strategic decisions(OLeary, 2008). Conclusion The summary of the study lies in the dire need of following and practicing business ethics in construction business in todays competent world. For security and safety of general public, following ethics is a must for professionals and engineers to prevent any disasters and set an epitome of ethical code of conduct for future construction business personnel to ensure trust and corruption free tender acquisition, high quality of raw material, regard for workers and responsibility post construction.

Popular Music in Uzbekistan

Before looking at the popular music of the Uzbeks, it is important to understand who they are and their origin. Most of them live in the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic while the rest live in Northern Afghanistan.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Popular Music in Uzbekistan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They were not originally part of Central Asia since the region was inhabited by Iranian-speaking people. They emerged as a separate group under Muhammad Shaybani Khan who was a Turkic prince and a descendant of Juch, the founder of the Golden Horde. Uzbek folk music is basically divided into two categories. The first category is vocal music while the second one is instrumental. There is a wide diversity of folk songs that have emerged over years, most of which draw on daily life experiences. They are therefore comprised of wedding songs, work songs, love songs, funeral songs, lullabies, epic songs, hist orical narrative songs and magical songs. Work songs portray the main occupations of the people of Uzbek. They are sung while sowing, weaving, threshing, harvesting and working with metal among other daily activities of the people of Uzbek. Some of them support the contention of the current regime that the people of Uzbek were subjected to oppression under the old feudal social structure and were always optimistic of a better social order, an inspiration that was only fulfilled under the soviets. The second type of Uzbek folk music is love songs. They use similes from nature to describe the individuals they talk about. They are usually sung in a lapar style which is a humorous dialogue between a girl and a boy, often in a competitive style. It is aimed at demonstrating the wit of the participants to each other and the spectators (Dickens 15). The third type is comprised of ceremonial songs which are sung during important rites of passage. For example, Yaryar is a song sung during we dding ceremonies while Yighi is sung during times of lamentations.Advertising Looking for research paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Uzbek folk music is also comprised of lengthy epic narrative songs. Epic narratives combine legendary and historical material. Basically, the narratives are poems which are converted into music and may be performed for several nights, involving lengthy memorization on the part of the singers. At times, they are sung unaccompanied while at other times the singers play a dombira. They are categorized into dast and dastan. In dastan, the singer recites all the contents of the song, but the material is not usually grouped into stanzas. The dast is usually a mixture of sung poetry and spoken prose. Apart from the folk music of Uzbek, modern pop music in the country is also significant. The emergence of this type of music dates back to the 50s and 60s. Since then, it has been gro wing and gaining importance among the people of Uzbek. Uzbek pop music has been trying to cope with a difficult process of searching its unique style. It is comprised of compositions whose style resembles that of techno-soul, rave, rap, Latin rock and reggae. In addition, artistes who specialize in this type of music blindly imitate oriental rock and European groups. In the recent past, it has been accumulating different intonations in terms of content and form. In this sense, positive experience with regard to the national art style interpretation has been observed. It is important to note that modern pop music in Uzbek has been forming such tendencies like embracing art heritage and repertoires done by prominent singers. As a result, pop versions that represent classic music have been on the increase. In the recent past, this type of music has become common in various public ceremonies such as weddings. During these ceremonies, traditional renditions of makom’s vocal parts done in pop styles and other vocal genres have been common. Such arrangements have been embraced by many television channels and radio stations (Mulladjanov 5). There is a major difference between Uzbek folk music and modern pop music. As it is widely known, forms of festivity arts which emerged during the initial stages of the development of human civilization took an important part in the history of human beings. Portraying main principles of morality and ideological foundations that characterized individual historical periods, they always depicted national and religious significance.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Popular Music in Uzbekistan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Modern pop music emerged at times when radical changes were common especially in public consciousness, specifically, when massive dissemination of secular opinions formed the basis of the changes. In such times, major transformat ions among urban populations took place. On the other hand, individuals from the bourgeois class and emerging proprietors who possessed economic and political powers became common. At the same time, classes of industrial workers emerged. The classical art forms that were developed by members of the aristocracy were not accepted by many people. This caused abandonment of the ancient folk culture which consequently led to the development of modern pop music. Contrary to the Uzbek folk music, it was characterized by aesthetic criterion in that it had the capacity to entertain. In addition, its form was simple and the content unsophisticated. Works Cited Dickens, Mark. Uzbek Music 2000. Web. http://www.oxuscom.com/Uzbek_Music.pdf. Mulladjanov, Davlat. Art Heritage in Uzbek Pop – Music 2012. Web. http://sanat.orexca.com/2002/2002-4/musik1/. This research paper on Popular Music in Uzbekistan was written and submitted by user F1rebrand to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Essay Topics For Sixth Grade Students

Essay Topics For Sixth Grade StudentsIf you have just started writing your first six-grade essay, you will want to consider some homework first. When you are writing an essay for students in this grade level, you will want to make sure that you consider a few different topics. Doing so will help you to start writing and to not be overwhelmed.Now, when it comes to essay topics for students in the sixth grade, you will want to think about some of the same things as in the fifth grade. You should start by thinking about what age group the student is in. This will help you focus on some of the topics that they are familiar with and will help you avoid any confusion later on.The seventh grade is a bit different than the previous grades. This is because of the fact that there are two genders and there are other cultural changes in this grade level. The last thing you want to do is write an essay topic for students in the sixth grade that is only appropriate for the fourth grade.Next, you n eed to find out the differences between the subjects that are covered in these age groups. It is also helpful to know that students in the seventh grade have at least four other grades besides just the first grade. These other grades are normally grades K through 6, and you will want to write your essay topics accordingly.The eighth grade is another time where some students will move up a grade and go up a grade, which means that they will be considered by other students in other age groups. In this case, you will want to write your essay topics for students in the sixth grade to include each of the other levels. However, if you do not want to write essays for students in the sixth grade, you will want to consider topics for students in the seventh grade.After you decide what the age group you are going to write the essay for is, you will want to start thinking about what subject you want to discuss. Most students choose one particular subject that they have knowledge about and writ e an essay about it. However, you will still want to be able to think of a way to cover many different subjects.The ninth grade is also a great time to try out essay topics for students in the sixth grade. When writing for children, you will want to remember that they tend to use their imagination more than adults do. Therefore, it is important to keep that in mind and make sure that your essay topics reflect that.Finally, when it comes to essay topics for students in the sixth grade, you will want to stick to topics that they are familiar with. When you choose topics that you know are not going to be very useful to them, you will run the risk of either boring them or not helping them. Therefore, make sure that the essay topics that you choose are ones that are going to be meaningful to the child.