Need for the code of ethics for construction professional & engineers

Abstract Engineers are the pioneer for global development and professionals are catalysts for problem solving but void of any rules, regulations, code of conduct or ethics, society would not allow the school of practical thinkers to advance or prosper in todays competent world. The study is to dwell deeper into the morals and ethical code of conduct and its valuable importance for professionals and engineers engaged into construction job. It is a call for duty towards the society and satisfaction of personal conscience. Introduction Code of ethics place integrity of interests of society and their security over the shoulders of professionals. Regardless of the job titles and posts, code of ethics is liable(Ladd, 1982) and should be necessarily followed as a benchmark for professionals around the globe. Professionals and engineers face numerous ethical dilemmas(Kultgen, 1988) in everyday life ranging from working under harsh environments, working on incompetent projects, to even sexual harassment in some areas. Every code of ethics namely business ethics, ethics for employees and professional ethical practices should be applied in civil construction practices. The need for ethics is prominent to uphold the fundamental canons of moral code to maintain dignity and truthfulness among the mass. The paramount for safety of the society lies in the hands of ethically behaving professionals. The principles and paradigms of ethics The need of the construction business is to produce, procure and prosper based on ethical conducts. There is a need for enforcement at initiating stage, construction stage and also at post construction stage. There is a need for enhancement in human welfare(Anshen, 1998) by building, maintaining and sustaining trust among the public. Since, safety is a prime concern in construction, therefore ethics are primarily based over safety concerns and serving the public with the fidelity(Hamzah et.al, 2010). To support the professional, technical, or entrepreneurial societies, ethics for professionals the prime necessity. Striving to achieve competency and prestige for the company and for the enterprise fundamental principles of ethics. The need of the hour and for the precious environment is to follow sustainable development strategies and these also form a part of the business ethics as described by the organizations. To prevent any kind of damage, hazard, disaster, accident or mishap engineers need to abide by the code of ethics by performing services in the areas matching the level and the degree of their competency(Carr, 1988). There is a recent upsurge of unethical practices in construction business such as bribery, corruption, bid cutting, bid shopping, cover pricing, or many other payment games being played by professionals. So, in order to curb these malpractices ethical implementation is necessary. In order to maintain the prestige and aura of the company social and public statements made by the managers or professionals of construction agencies need to be clear, concise, crisp and complete. Any kind of failure should be followed by immediate ethical norms and practices by giving objective replies and taking trustworthy remedial actions. The need of ethics to be followed at the time of conflict is a major area of concern. Construction engineers and professionals must rapidly resolve any kind of conflict arising in order to serve the general interest of public swiftly and with caution. For a construction firm of organization it is essential to maintain the reputation and the professional fame in order to remain competent in the construction business. A highlighting trait of competitive advantage is to function in the industry abiding by the set code of laws and ethics of the business market. In construction business there is no scope for fraud with raw materials and this is an evidence which profoundly speaks of the ethics to be followed by the professionals. There is a zero-tolerance policy in case of corruption and this should be included in the order book defining code of ethical practices(Loulakis,2003). In case of tender disclosures or documentation there is a dire need to follow business ethical practices in order to remain trustworthy and dependable. It is critically important to evaluate the ethics in the background of environment without any discrimination of performance in services on the basis of caste, creed or color without violating any lawful regulation in professional concern. Hence, the need of ethics is showcased in every domain and region of the professional arena from security, integrity, trust, performance, learning and skill refining. The laws of ethics Ethics are regulated by the government using various laws. The need to abide by the ethics are also in regard with respect of the law and following the regulations(Lavers, 2006) imposed by the law. Buildings Act 1993 clearly states the objectives(Australian Government, 2009) of enhancing the amenity of buildings by providing effective systems for building and by enforcing safety matters related to construction by regulating the building practitioners(McCarthy, 2012). It is mandatory for the professionals and engineers to go by the word of law and follow mentioned ethical practices in order to survive in the industrial arena. It is hence mandatory to follow the ethics and any breach in code of conduct may lead to a sign of professional misconduct under laws and acts. Laws are keys for setting standards for certifying building functions in public interest. Laws proclaim to follow the ethics and morals as per the expectations of the customers. Case studies There are several case studies calling for ethical practices to be taken seriously and morally. Quebec Bridge collapse and failure costed 88 lives and took a long span of time to complete(Pearson, 2006). The planning, design and execution were a mistake from the side of engineers. The engineers did not practice ethical means of execution while construction leading to disaster of collapse. Post disaster, other projects followed general guidelines for clearing ethical examinations to showcasing good character in order to understand the values required behind the construction and inherent processes. Another case study which is a striking example of unethical practices which became a lesson for others was Citicorp in New York. The structure of the building was unsound and due to unethical practices to save labor and material costs by replacing them with weaker bolts. The act of a leader to alert the damage of Citicorp was used as an example of ethical behavior for future. The need of ethical behavior was safety of public in empowering of strategic decisions(OLeary, 2008). Conclusion The summary of the study lies in the dire need of following and practicing business ethics in construction business in todays competent world. For security and safety of general public, following ethics is a must for professionals and engineers to prevent any disasters and set an epitome of ethical code of conduct for future construction business personnel to ensure trust and corruption free tender acquisition, high quality of raw material, regard for workers and responsibility post construction.

Popular Music in Uzbekistan

Before looking at the popular music of the Uzbeks, it is important to understand who they are and their origin. Most of them live in the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic while the rest live in Northern Afghanistan.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Popular Music in Uzbekistan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They were not originally part of Central Asia since the region was inhabited by Iranian-speaking people. They emerged as a separate group under Muhammad Shaybani Khan who was a Turkic prince and a descendant of Juch, the founder of the Golden Horde. Uzbek folk music is basically divided into two categories. The first category is vocal music while the second one is instrumental. There is a wide diversity of folk songs that have emerged over years, most of which draw on daily life experiences. They are therefore comprised of wedding songs, work songs, love songs, funeral songs, lullabies, epic songs, hist orical narrative songs and magical songs. Work songs portray the main occupations of the people of Uzbek. They are sung while sowing, weaving, threshing, harvesting and working with metal among other daily activities of the people of Uzbek. Some of them support the contention of the current regime that the people of Uzbek were subjected to oppression under the old feudal social structure and were always optimistic of a better social order, an inspiration that was only fulfilled under the soviets. The second type of Uzbek folk music is love songs. They use similes from nature to describe the individuals they talk about. They are usually sung in a lapar style which is a humorous dialogue between a girl and a boy, often in a competitive style. It is aimed at demonstrating the wit of the participants to each other and the spectators (Dickens 15). The third type is comprised of ceremonial songs which are sung during important rites of passage. For example, Yaryar is a song sung during we dding ceremonies while Yighi is sung during times of lamentations.Advertising Looking for research paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Uzbek folk music is also comprised of lengthy epic narrative songs. Epic narratives combine legendary and historical material. Basically, the narratives are poems which are converted into music and may be performed for several nights, involving lengthy memorization on the part of the singers. At times, they are sung unaccompanied while at other times the singers play a dombira. They are categorized into dast and dastan. In dastan, the singer recites all the contents of the song, but the material is not usually grouped into stanzas. The dast is usually a mixture of sung poetry and spoken prose. Apart from the folk music of Uzbek, modern pop music in the country is also significant. The emergence of this type of music dates back to the 50s and 60s. Since then, it has been gro wing and gaining importance among the people of Uzbek. Uzbek pop music has been trying to cope with a difficult process of searching its unique style. It is comprised of compositions whose style resembles that of techno-soul, rave, rap, Latin rock and reggae. In addition, artistes who specialize in this type of music blindly imitate oriental rock and European groups. In the recent past, it has been accumulating different intonations in terms of content and form. In this sense, positive experience with regard to the national art style interpretation has been observed. It is important to note that modern pop music in Uzbek has been forming such tendencies like embracing art heritage and repertoires done by prominent singers. As a result, pop versions that represent classic music have been on the increase. In the recent past, this type of music has become common in various public ceremonies such as weddings. During these ceremonies, traditional renditions of makom’s vocal parts done in pop styles and other vocal genres have been common. Such arrangements have been embraced by many television channels and radio stations (Mulladjanov 5). There is a major difference between Uzbek folk music and modern pop music. As it is widely known, forms of festivity arts which emerged during the initial stages of the development of human civilization took an important part in the history of human beings. Portraying main principles of morality and ideological foundations that characterized individual historical periods, they always depicted national and religious significance.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Popular Music in Uzbekistan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Modern pop music emerged at times when radical changes were common especially in public consciousness, specifically, when massive dissemination of secular opinions formed the basis of the changes. In such times, major transformat ions among urban populations took place. On the other hand, individuals from the bourgeois class and emerging proprietors who possessed economic and political powers became common. At the same time, classes of industrial workers emerged. The classical art forms that were developed by members of the aristocracy were not accepted by many people. This caused abandonment of the ancient folk culture which consequently led to the development of modern pop music. Contrary to the Uzbek folk music, it was characterized by aesthetic criterion in that it had the capacity to entertain. In addition, its form was simple and the content unsophisticated. Works Cited Dickens, Mark. Uzbek Music 2000. Web. http://www.oxuscom.com/Uzbek_Music.pdf. Mulladjanov, Davlat. Art Heritage in Uzbek Pop – Music 2012. Web. http://sanat.orexca.com/2002/2002-4/musik1/. This research paper on Popular Music in Uzbekistan was written and submitted by user F1rebrand to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Essay Topics For Sixth Grade Students

Essay Topics For Sixth Grade StudentsIf you have just started writing your first six-grade essay, you will want to consider some homework first. When you are writing an essay for students in this grade level, you will want to make sure that you consider a few different topics. Doing so will help you to start writing and to not be overwhelmed.Now, when it comes to essay topics for students in the sixth grade, you will want to think about some of the same things as in the fifth grade. You should start by thinking about what age group the student is in. This will help you focus on some of the topics that they are familiar with and will help you avoid any confusion later on.The seventh grade is a bit different than the previous grades. This is because of the fact that there are two genders and there are other cultural changes in this grade level. The last thing you want to do is write an essay topic for students in the sixth grade that is only appropriate for the fourth grade.Next, you n eed to find out the differences between the subjects that are covered in these age groups. It is also helpful to know that students in the seventh grade have at least four other grades besides just the first grade. These other grades are normally grades K through 6, and you will want to write your essay topics accordingly.The eighth grade is another time where some students will move up a grade and go up a grade, which means that they will be considered by other students in other age groups. In this case, you will want to write your essay topics for students in the sixth grade to include each of the other levels. However, if you do not want to write essays for students in the sixth grade, you will want to consider topics for students in the seventh grade.After you decide what the age group you are going to write the essay for is, you will want to start thinking about what subject you want to discuss. Most students choose one particular subject that they have knowledge about and writ e an essay about it. However, you will still want to be able to think of a way to cover many different subjects.The ninth grade is also a great time to try out essay topics for students in the sixth grade. When writing for children, you will want to remember that they tend to use their imagination more than adults do. Therefore, it is important to keep that in mind and make sure that your essay topics reflect that.Finally, when it comes to essay topics for students in the sixth grade, you will want to stick to topics that they are familiar with. When you choose topics that you know are not going to be very useful to them, you will run the risk of either boring them or not helping them. Therefore, make sure that the essay topics that you choose are ones that are going to be meaningful to the child.

Marketing Term Paper Topics

Marketing Term Paper Topics The writing skills of students vary from excellent writing skills to no writing skills at all. Unfortunately not every professor involved in grading academic papers understands that he is grading students knowledge on the subject and not his/her writing skills. In order to get a good grade these days you have to have both: knowledge on the subject and writing skills. All students who have had marketing as a course and have studied all the marketing ideas – know that in order to pass the course you have to be able to carry out all the knowledge as well as incorporate something new, the product of your own thinking and your own ideas. When writing a marketing term paper – you have to make sure that the information you want to include in your paper is relevant. The hardship of writing a marketing term paper is that this science is relatively new. This means that it is constantly improving itself, and the things people have been learning 10 years ago greatly differs from the things you study now. That is why you should be aware, that some sources you may want to use can be old enough to be considered irrelevant. When writing a marketing term paper you have to choose a good marketing term paper topic. Such marketing term paper can be very tricky, as you will need to put enough effort to write a good paper on a specific marketing term paper topic, and if you choose a weak marketing term paper topic – your professor may perceive that you are lazy and do not want to write something interesting and rather write something easy.   On the other hand – you may stumble upon the problem, that there is not enough information for you to complete the paper on the marketing term paper topic which you have already started. In order to avoid that – you have to plan your marketing term paper, and make sure that you have enough information on the marketing term paper topics you are about to write. Basically, the thing which value all professors is the credibility of your information. If you use really credible book, journals, and publications – you will show your professor, that you trust the experience of a generally approved professional in marketing; hence you treasure the experience of your professor. A very big issue in writing term papers in Marketing is plagiarism. Since there are a lot of works, where you gather the information for your marketing term paper topics there are a lot of works that need to be cited and referenced. When using any source of information – always write down exact reference, as without it – your paper will be perceived as a plagiarized one. CustomWritings.com can easily help you with your marketing term paper topics. If you need assistance in writing an excellent marketing term paper you can simply turn to CustomWritings.com for help and we will be honored to help you with this assignment. The staff at our company consists of professional writers, who write for a living. All of them either are or were students and know all the little aspects of writing a marketing term paper. We can help you with every stage of your marketing term paper. Here is a top of marketing term paper topics: 1. Importance of innovation in marketing 2. Bank marketing 3. Marketing Research and Strategy 4. E-Marketing Becoming More Effective in the Pharmaceutical Industry 5. Should MNCs standardise or adapt their marketing strategy in Chinese Asian markets? 6. Internet Marketing 7. Marketing and promotion 8. Applied Managerial Marketing 9. International marketing 10. Marketing in the Digital Age 11. Business Marketing in Accounting 12. Marketing Principles 13. Barriers in Marketing 14. How to maintain profitable marketing during uncertain environmental conditions 15. Factors of the macro marketing environment 16. The Role of the Marketing Manager 17. Marketing is the major factor in the success of any business 18. Domain of Relationship Marketing 19. Hispanics and direct marketing advertising 20. Public Relations Role In Integrated Marketing Communication 21. Marketing theory 22. Marketing orientation 23. Marketing Research for Personal Computer in North America 24. Experience Marketing 25. Relationship Marketing 26. Marketing activities of Coca-Cola 27. Levis marketing strategy 28. Marketing strategy of Pepsi 29. Marketing Mix 30. Marketing: Amazon.com

A Brief Guide to Modernization Theory

A Brief Guide to Modernization Theory Modernization theory emerged in the 1950s as an explanation of how the industrial societies of North America and Western Europe developed. The theory argues that societies develop in fairly predictable stages through which they become increasingly complex. Development depends primarily on the importation of technology as well as a number of other political and social changes believed to come about as a result. Overview of Modernization Theory Social scientists, primarily of white European descent, formulated modernization theory during the mid-twentieth century. Reflecting on a few hundred years of history in North America and Western Europe, and taking a positive view of the changes observed during that time, they developed a theory that explains that modernization is a process that involves industrialization, urbanization, rationalization, bureaucracy, mass consumption, and the adoption of democracy. During this process, pre-modern or traditional societies evolve into the contemporary Western societies that we know today. Modernization theory holds that this process involves  increased availability and levels of formal schooling, and the development of mass media, both of which are thought to foster democratic political institutions. Through the process of modernization transportation and communication become increasingly sophisticated and accessible, populations become more urban and mobile, and the extended family declines in importance. Simultaneously, the importance of the individual in economic and social life increases and intensifies. Organizations become bureaucratic as the  division of labor  within society grows more complex, and as it is a process rooted in scientific and technological rationality,  religion declines in public life. Lastly, cash-driven markets take over as the primary mechanism through which goods and services are exchanged. As it is a theory conceptualized by Western social scientists, it is also one with a capitalist economy at its center. Cemented as valid within Western academia, modernization theory has long been used as a justification for implementing the same kinds of processes and structures in places all over the world that are considered under- or undeveloped as compared with Western societies. At its core are the assumptions that scientific progress, technological development and rationality, mobility, and economic growth are good things and are to be constantly aimed for. Critiques of Modernization Theory Modernization theory has had its critics from the start. Many scholars, often people of color and those from non-Western nations, have pointed out over the years that modernization theory fails to account for the way Western reliance on colonization, slave labor, and theft of land and resources provided the wealth and material resources necessary for the pace and scale of development in the West (see postcolonial theory for extensive discussions of this). It cannot be replicated in other places because of this, and it  should not  be replicated in this way. Others, like critical theorists including members of the Frankfurt School, have pointed out that Western modernization is premised on the extreme exploitation of workers within the capitalist system, and that the toll of modernization on social relations has been great, leading to widespread social alienation, a loss of community, and unhappiness. Still, others critique modernization theory for failing to account for the unsustainable nature of the project, in an environmental sense, and point out that pre-modern, traditional, and indigenous cultures typically had much more environmentally conscious and symbiotic relationships between people and the planet. Some point out that elements and values of traditional life need not be completely erased in order to achieve a modern society​ and point to Japan as an example.

Pranent-Community Involvement Program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Pranent-Community Involvement Program - Essay Example California department of education is an organization that supervises public education. This organization aims to provide guidance, support, supervision and teaching sources with material; so that every student can get good education. Various researches have been conducted in order to study educational programs ranging from teachers` training strategies to parents awareness programs. By studying such education related programs it has been observed that all those programs which includes parents involvement in their kids` studies has been proven the most influential ones for the prosperity of children as well as for the success of educational system (Rutherford & Billig, 2010). Researches have shown that education standard has been improved because of the involvement of parents and family in school programs. There are five booming plans that have brought changes at National level in United States specifically in New York and California. Various benefits have been observed because of th is program and individuals belonging to education world appreciated parents for their interest in children studies and other activities that can help their kids to learn something innovative. It is considered very important that parents should try to understand the importance of their role in their child`s career and education because they are the only ones whose active participation can bring an incredible change in their children`s life (Rutherford & Billig, 2010). There are certain National Standards for parent community involvement programs which are based on qualitative research and are important for children`s career, parents satisfaction and for the success of educational institution. There are three motives of this standard that includes encouragement of parents and families for their active contribution. Secondly, to provide knowledge about all those influential elements, that can play vital part in such programs and also to give moral and material support to those institut ions that aim to raise their standard of education through various strategies and programs (Hurley & Tinajero, 2001). These are some important guidelines for principals and owners of the schools who wish to divert parents` attention towards child`s education through strategic programs. National standard intended to guide those people in very sophisticated manner who administer educational institutes because they have authority to deal with staff members and also they can apply such strategies within district level for parents to grab their attention as much as possible (Riley, Douglas, & Koop, 2004). According to amendments to community-based English tutoring program of California, when everyone plays its part to support learning system with full dedication, then children show positive response towards their studies and they show more interest in every school related activity. Many schools have adopted the program designed by California department of education which includes few bas ic goals. Their first goal is that they want to break all blocks that restrict parents` involvement. It is emphasized that parents should be made comfortable when they entered in school in order to encourage their spirit. All parents should be kept updated with their child`s academic progress (Hurley & Tinajero, 2001). To make it easier for parents to get information about institute and their kid keep updating websites or practice any other volunteer process that could

Impact of Financial and Non-financial Rewards on Employee Motivation Literature review

Impact of Financial and Non-financial Rewards on Employee Motivation and Satisfaction of Saudi Nationals in Saudi Aramco - Literature review Example A predominant means for accomplishing human-resource-based competitive advantages is the use of incentives. Performance-related pay and benefits are some common incentives in the financial sector, as well as other industries. Lewis offers a process-cycle theory, where the stages of PRP must be properly managed in order to deliver optimal performance results. These stages are: 1) establishing objectives; 2) measuring performance; 3) providing performance feedback; and 4) translating performance into rewards. His study shows that incentives can greatly affect performance, when these stages are aptly managed in relation to employees’ performance levels and issues. Ferreira, Marques and Azevedo show from their study of Portuguese banks that incentive systems shape organisational competitiveness, although other factors are also important, such as management and leadership approaches. PRP per se is not the magic bullet of performance, especially when it has design and implementation flaws. (Boachie-Mensah and Dogbe, 2011). Financial incentives and performance Financial incentives alone are not enough to drive motivation and performance because employees consider other factors too (Siders, George and Dharwadkar, 2011). In the study of 139 Slovenian bank managers, Hartmann and Slapnicar (2012) explored the effect of distributive justice properties and procedural justice properties of managerial pay on manager’s intrinsic motivation. They discovered that procedural justice is a greater predictor of intrinsic motivation when low pay transparency exists, while distributive justice is a greater predictor of motivation when high pay transparency is present. Hartmann and Slapnicar (2012) concluded that pay transparency is important in analysing and designing just managerial pay